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ADHD in Adults – Treatment Options ADHD is a well-known condition of the nervous system that affects around 4,4 percent of the population. It is associated with high rates of comorbidity, including anxiety, depression, and substance abuse, and significant emotional, social and occupational impairments. Both psychotherapy and medication are effective treatments for adults with ADHD. The stimulants methylphenidate and amphetamine are the most commonly prescribed medications. Medicines Many people who suffer from ADHD report significant improvement in their symptoms and functioning when they take medication. It is essential that those who suffer from ADHD discover the right combination of medications that works for them. Stimulants, including amphetamines and methylphenidate are the most frequently prescribed drugs for adults suffering from ADHD. They are available in immediate-release (short-acting) tablet or liquid forms and can be taken as often as every three to four hours. Some adults can supplement their immediate-release dose with an extended-release or long-acting medicine that is taken daily to lessen the requirement for frequent doses throughout the day. Desipramine and other antidepressants have also been found to be effective in treatment of adults with ADHD. This class of medications can be used in conjunction with stimulants or in isolation to boost their effects. However, they can increase the risk of serious cardiovascular side effects such as a rapid heartbeat, EKG changes, and orthostatic hypotension. Adults suffering from ADHD can also be treated using alprazolam or clonidine. They are both Alpha-2 adrenergic antagonists. These medications, originally developed to treat high blood pressure, can have the ability to calm and enhance focus and decrease the amount of impulsivity and hyperactivity in certain adults. However, these medications could cause a very low blood pressure when they are abruptly cut off or reduced in dosage. Adults with ADHD may also benefit from psychotherapy. Individual talk therapy can help them deal with their feelings of shame and embarrassment about their ADHD and resentment toward co-workers, supervisors teachers, and family members who might nag or criticize them. doctors who treat adhd in adults for families and marriage can be a great option to help couples suffering from ADHD to better understand each other and improve communication. Behavioral Therapy Psychosocial therapy for adults with ADHD aims to improve daily functioning by teaching skills and strategies. Psychotherapy can also assist people who suffer from ADHD overcome low self-esteem and feelings of failure that often accompanies this condition. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), also known as cognitive behavioral therapy, helps people change their negative thoughts and feelings that cause difficulties in their lives. It helps them learn new ways to think, feel and behave. This short-term, goal-oriented type of psychotherapy has been proven to be effective for many disorders, including depression and anxiety. It can be utilized in conjunction with other treatments or on its own. CBT can include group therapy, which is particularly helpful for adults with ADHD, as it provides the opportunity to meet others who have similar struggles and to discover how other people manage their ADHD symptoms. It can be delivered in person or via the phone. In one study, CBT was compared to standard therapy for adults suffering from ADHD. Both treatments improved self-report indicators like symptoms, functioning, and quality of life. CBT has been compared with other psychosocial treatments for adults suffering from ADHD. All of these studies show significant reductions in ADHD symptoms with effects between medium and large. These improvements were associated with a variety modalities including interpersonal and cognitive behavior therapy and social skills training. problem solving training, as well as mindfulness meditation. However, caution is warranted in comparing the effectiveness of different treatments for adults with ADHD. It is possible that the variations in the outcomes are due to a variety of variables such as treatment characteristics, measures used and the background of the patient. A few studies have examined the effectiveness of neurofeedback, an approach that involves wearing an electrode-lined cap while performing cognitive tasks to determine areas of the brain where there is too much or little activity. Then, instructing the individual to control these patterns. Counseling Many people who suffer from ADHD also have comorbid mood or anxiety disorders that need treatment. Counseling can help to address these issues, which may contribute to ADHD symptoms. Interpersonal therapy is one of the psychotherapy techniques which can improve the ability of individuals to resolve conflicts and develop meaningful relationships. Cognitive behavioral therapy is designed to help control impulsive, self-destructive, and negative behaviors that could create problems at work or school. In some cases psychotherapy can be utilized as an adjunct to medication for adult ADHD treatment for adults. Patients with comorbid disorders such as bipolar disorder and substance abuse need to be evaluated carefully to ensure they do not have symptoms that cannot be improved by the medication that are prescribed to treat ADHD. My Home Page with certain medical issues such as thyroid disorders, lead poisoning and a history of seizures, must be treated more aggressively as they are at higher risk for complications from the medications. When ADHD is sufficient to cause problems with everyday functioning and quality of life intensive outpatient programs could be recommended. These programs offer an organized therapy that is more intense than traditional outpatient psychotherapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which is a type of cognitive therapy, aids adults with ADHD to improve their ability to manage time, impulse control, planning and executive function. It teaches them to recognize and express feelings and uses worksheets and activities to make the lessons interesting. The training in mindfulness meditation can enhance CBT and enhances the capacity of a person's ability to concentrate and regulate emotions. It also enhances an individual's ability to tolerate the effects of stress and arousal. It can assist them in dealing with sadness, anger and other difficult emotions which could be contributing to their ADHD. Occupational Therapy Adults with ADHD have issues functioning at work and at home. In addition to affecting work performance, these issues can interfere with relationships and could lead to financial difficulties. Therapy that addresses these issues can help you improve your self-esteem, resolve the root causes of your issues and develop healthy coping strategies. Cognitive-behavioral therapy can be a beneficial treatment for adults with ADHD because it helps you modify your negative beliefs and behavior. In particular, it is focused on teaching you how to use strategies for managing time and overcoming mental distortions that lead to negative moods and the perception of a limited selection. Many adults with ADHD suffer from anxiety or depression disorders as comorbid conditions. These psychiatric disorders can diminish or even increase the effectiveness of certain medications that are used to treat ADHD. It is therefore recommended to treat the most severe comorbid condition and then monitor its reaction to the medication prior treating the other disorder. Occupational therapy can help you learn methods to organize your life and your work, create regular routines, manage your time and money and build an optimistic self-image. It can also help you learn techniques for relaxation that can reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity. Similarly, yoga and other exercise can help you improve your focus by ensuring your body is stable in different poses. Counseling for families and marriage can assist adults suffering from ADHD to overcome the problems they cause their children, spouses and others. They frequently complain of being insecure, unorganized, and prone to making impulsive decisions. You can build stronger relationships by teaching your spouses and other family members about ADHD. Furthermore it can help you and your loved ones realize that these issues are linked to the patient's ADHD rather than to the lack of compassion or refusing to cooperate. Clinical Trials Adult ADHD is a highly prevalent neurobiological disorder. It is often accompanied by co-occurring conditions like anxiety, depression and substance abuse disorders. Psychosocial and medication interventions are available as treatment options. There are a variety of medication options for adults suffering from ADHD. Certain of these medications have been evaluated in trials. These studies have exposed the strengths and limitations of the various medications. Adults suffering from ADHD suffer from the same issues as children, but it isn't always easy to identify them since the symptoms of childhood may not persist throughout adulthood. In addition, adults who suffer from ADHD might not have a history of the disorder in their families or they may not even remember experiencing symptoms. It is important to have a thorough medical history in order to determine whether the symptoms are related to an illness such as thyroid problems, sleep apnea or hearing and vision problems. Medications for adults with ADHD generally fall into two categories: stimulants and other non-stimulant medications. Stimulants are the most effective medication to treat adults suffering from ADHD, and their responsiveness rates are in the 70%-80 percentage range. Amphetamine and methylphenidate are among the most frequently prescribed stimulants. Methylphenidate can also be found in a transdermal system that allows for continuous medication delivery throughout the day. Nonstimulant drugs for adults with ADHD are mostly tricyclic antidepressants which work on dopamine and norepinephrine. Desipramine is the most studied tricyclic, and has been proven to be effective in adult patients with ADHD. It is a low dose medicine and should be increased by 50 mg every 7 days until the desired effect is observed. Bupropion XL is a different antidepressant, has been shown to be effective in adults suffering from ADHD. It is a dopamine agonist that is able to block the reuptake of norepinephrine at the presynaptic transportation system, thus increasing its availability in the brain. This drug is known to improve the mood of adults and decrease hyperactivity, however it's not as effective at improving concentration or cognitive function as stimulants.